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Probate Court
Conservatorship
[Esta página está en español;
Trang này bằng tiếng Việt]
This section tells you about
probate
conservatorships.
Probate conservatorships are only for adults over 18.
If you are trying to help a child (minor),
see the guardianship section of this
website.
Click on a topic to learn more:
- What is probate conservatorship?
- If I become conservator of the person, will I automatically become
conservator of the estate?
- Is a probate conservatorship different from a mental health (LPS)
conservatorship?
- Is a probate conservatorship different from a limited conservatorship?
- Who can file for conservatorship?
- Who can be appointed as conservator?
- What if no one is qualified to be conservator?
- When should the Public Guardian be conservator?
- Can I make medical decisions for the conservatee?
- Can I make estate planning decisions for the conservatee?
- What does the court investigator do in conservatorship cases?
- Does the court investigator stay in touch with the conservatee?
- When can I establish a probate conservatorship?
- How do I establish a conservatorship?
- How can I learn more about conservatorships?
- What is a probate conservatorship?
A probate conservatorship is a court
proceeding where a judge appoints a
responsible person (called a
conservator) to care for another adult who
cannot care for him/herself or his/her finances (called a conservatee).
The person the
Court appoints as conservator must be very responsible. There
are 2 kinds of conservators:
A conservator of the person cares for and protects a person when the judge
decides that the person (called the "conservatee") can’t do it.
A conservator of the
estate handles the conservatee’s financial matters –
like paying bills and collecting a person's income – if the judge decides
the conservatee can’t do it.
- If I become conservator of the person, will I
automatically become conservator of the estate?
No. If you want to become conservator of the estate, you must petition
for that. You can do it at the same time as you
file your petition for conservatorship of the person or you can file a separate petition later.
- Is a probate conservatorship different from a mental
health (LPS) conservatorship?
Yes. An LPS conservatorship is only for people who are seriously
mentally ill and need special care (usually placement in a locked facility
and/or very powerful drugs to control behavior).
But, if a person suffers from dementia and needs special drugs to control
the dementia, they may need a probate conservatorship, not an LPS
conservatorship.
Click here for more information on
LPS Conservatorships.
- Is a probate conservatorship different from a
limited conservatorship?
Yes. A limited conservatorship is a type of probate conservatorship for
people who are developmentally disabled.
Developmentally disabled people can usually do many things a conservatee
cannot do. So, the Court limits their conservators’ powers.
Click here for more information on
limited
conservatorships.
- Who can file for conservatorship?

The person who wants to be a conservator can file.
Others can file too, like a spouse, a relative, a state or local
government agency (like the county Public Guardian), or any other
interested person or friend.
Even the person who will be the conservatee can file, but that is
extremely unusual.
Before you file, find out if someone else is already planning to file a
petition.
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- Who can be appointed as conservator?
The law has a system for choosing the conservator. It gives preference to
the person at the top of the list, then moves down:
- Spouse
- Adult child
- Parent
- Sibling
- Any other person the law says is okay.
- Public Guardian
If the person closest to the top of the list does not want to be
conservator, s/he can nominate someone else.
- What if no one is qualified to be conservator?
Call the Court Investigation Unit of the Probate Department:
408-882-2761
Ask if you can appoint a private professional
fiduciary as conservator.
Private professional fiduciaries charge fees.
If the person who needs help can’t pay the fees and there is no suitable
family friend or relative to serve, contact the
Office of Public Guardian. There may be fees charged, but they are
based on a person’s ability to pay. They have experienced personal
conservators and property administrators who can serve as conservator.
If you are not eligible to use the Public Guardian’s services, contact the
County Department of Aging and Adult Services.
- When should the Public Guardian be conservator?
The Court can sometimes appoint the Public Guardian as conservator. This
usually happens when someone makes a referral. Referrals can be made by:
- Adult Protective Services (APS),
- A relative,
- A neighbor,
- A doctor,
- A police officer,
- The Court, or
- Another interested person.
For more information, or to make a referral, call the Public Guardian at:
(408) 534-2500
If you think there is financial abuse, call the APS hotline:
1-800-414-2002
The State takes financial abuse cases seriously and may file
criminal charges or a civil suit. (See Elder Abuse.)
- Can I make medical decisions for the conservatee?
It depends. If you are a conservator of the estate only, no.
If you are a conservator of the person, you can supervise the
conservatee’s routine medical care unless s/he does not want you to. If
there is a medical emergency, you can supervise the conservatee’s care
even if s/he objects.
If the conservatee does not want medical treatment s/he needs, you can ask
the Court for the power to give informed consent for the conservatee. This
lets you authorize treatment even if the conservatee refuses.
If the conservatee is clearly unable to give informed consent, because of
a stroke, dementia or some other problem that makes communication with the
doctor impossible, the doctor will probably fill out a declaration for you
to submit to Court. If the Court approves your request, you will be able
to make most medical decisions without the Court’s permission.
But, if the conservatee has dementia and needs to be in a secure long-term
care or residential care facility, or needs special drugs to treat the
dementia, you must ask the Court for permission to have the conservatee
confined, or to administer these drugs.
To ask the Court for these special medical powers, a physician or licensed
psychologist must fill out the
Capacity Declaration—Conservatorship
form GC-335, which you must then file with the Court. This is a state
Judicial Council form.
If the conservatee’s needs change, you can always file a new petition to
ask for the powers you need.
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- Can I make Estate Planning
decisions for the conservatee?
If you are the conservator of the estate, you control the conservatee's
finances. But, the conservatee still has the power to make a Will.
The Court will let you make a Will if:
- the conservatee is too sick to make a Will or estate
plans, or
- the conservatorship was established because someone was
taking advantage of the conservatee or exerting undue influence on
him/her.
Section 2580 of the Probate Code says the Court can have the
conservator use “Substituted Judgment” to make a Will, a trust, or both,
to make sure the conservatee has an estate plan. The Court may also let
you use this power to change or revoke a trust, make gifts, change
insurance policies or annuities, and sign contracts for the conservatee.
You or any other interested person, like a family member, can present a
petition asking for Substituted Judgment. You must send a copy of your
petition and the notice of hearing to the same people you gave notice to
for the conservatorship hearing.
You must also give notice of the hearing to all beneficiaries in the
conservatee's current estate plan, and anyone who would inherit from the
conservatee under the laws of
intestate succession.
Read
Probate Code Sections 2582 and 2583 to learn how to fill out the
petition. Remember, it is important to show that if the conservatee could
act for him/ herself and could act as a reasonable person, s/he would want
to do what the petition is asking for. If your petition asks for big
changes, you must explain to the Court why these changes are needed.
You must also file the existing trust and/or Will and a draft trust and/or
Will. We recommend you have a lawyer prepare these documents. To mark them
as
confidential documents, use the
Document Cover Sheet (Local
Form PB-4003).
You cannot petition the Court for Substituted Judgment at the same time as
your conservatorship hearing. But, if the proposed conservatee may be
dying, and you need to take action quickly, you can ask the Court to
consider your petition even before it appoints a permanent conservator.
- What does the court investigator do in conservatorship
cases?
The court investigator gives neutral information about your case to the
judge.
The investigator will call you and set up a visit with you and the
proposed conservatee. Sometimes, s/he will meet with you and the proposed
conservatee more than once.
The Court wants the investigator to:
- Have a private interview with the proposed conservatee.
- Explain how the conservatorship will change his/her
life.
- Explain what will happen at the hearing.
- Explain about the proposed conservatee’s right to fight
the conservatorship, to have a lawyer, to have a different conservator
and to have a trial by jury if s/he wants it.
- If the proposed conservatee does not have the ability to
understand or to give an opinion, the investigator will decide if a
lawyer should be appointed to represent him/her
- Review the petitioner’s Confidential Supplemental
Information form and get more information if needed
- Find out if the proposed conservatee is willing and able
to come to the hearing. The investigator is allowed to look at the
proposed conservatee’s confidential medical records.
- See if the proposed conservatee is able to fill out an
affidavit of voter registration.
- Write a confidential report for the Court and send a
copy to the conservator and the conservator’s lawyer.
- Make recommendations to the judge about your case.
For more information on the investigator’s duties, see
Probate Code 1826.
- Does the court investigator stay in touch
with the conservatee?
Yes. In a year, the investigator will review your case again to make sure
you are fulfilling your responsibilities as conservator and that the
conservatee’s rights are being upheld.
After the first year visit, the investigator will visit the conservatee
every 2 years, or as often as the investigator feels necessary.
If the investigator thinks there may be a problem, s/he will write a
report and ask the judge to appoint a lawyer for the conservatee. This
starts the legal process to remove you as conservator.
The investigator will also visit the conservatee and make a report if:
- The temporary conservator wants to move the proposed conservatee out
of his/her residence.
- The conservator petitions for exclusive authority to make medical
decisions for the conservatee, especially if s/he is asking for special
powers to take care of the needs of a demented conservatee.
- The conservator wants to sell the conservatee’s home (or former
home).
The court investigator will explain the implications of these
situations to the conservatee. S/he will then write a report to the Court
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- When can I establish a probate
conservatorship?
You must be sure that establishing a conservatorship is the only way to
meet the person’s needs. If there is another way, the Court will not grant
your
petition.
You may not need a conservatorship if the person who needs help:
- Can cooperate with a plan to meet his/her basic needs.
- Has the capacity and willingness to sign a power of
attorney naming someone to help with his/her finances or healthcare
decisions.
(Click here for information on
Making Health Care Decisions.)
- Has only social security or welfare income every month and the
Social Security Administration can appoint you Representative Payee. The
Representative Payee is the person the beneficiary allows to receive
Social Security checks in their name on behalf of the beneficiary.
- Is married and the spouse can handle financial transactions. The
property must be community property
or in joint accounts.
- How do I establish a conservatorship?
| Step 1 |
Fill out your forms.
You can download the forms by clicking on the form number below. Or,
get them from a stationery store, bookstore, or the
Self Service Center.
The state forms are also on the Judicial Council website:
www.Courtinfo.ca.gov/forms.
Tip: Choose "Probate-Guardianships and Conservatorships" from the
drop-down menu.
Fill out the state forms listed below:
GC-310 Petition for Appointment of Probate Conservator
GC-020 Notice of Hearing
GC-312 Confidential Supplemental Information
GC-320 Citation for Conservatorship
GC-348 Duties of Conservator
GC-314 Confidential Conservator Screening
GC-340 Order Appointing Conservator
GC-350 Letters of Conservatorship
There are 2 local forms you must fill out:
PB-4002 Referral for Court Investigator & Questionnaire –
Conservatorship
PB-4003 Document Cover Sheet
Additional forms you need to fill out:
(See
Probate
Local Rule 11)
If you or the proposed conservatee cannot afford to pay the court
fees, fill out these forms, too:
FW-001 Application for Waiver of Court Fees and Costs
FW-003 Order on Application for Waiver of Court Fees and Costs
If there is an urgent need to establish a conservatorship, fill out
these temporary conservatorship forms:
GC-110 Petition for Appointment of Temporary Conservator
GC-140 Order Appointing Temporary Conservator
GC-150 Letters of Temporary Conservatorship
There are special rules for temporary conservators. See
Probate Code
Section 2253.
Read
Probate
Local Rule 11 so you can fill out your forms correctly. Otherwise, you
will have to correct them and file again. |
| Step 2 |
Gather the information you will need to fill out
your forms.
You will need the proposed conservatee’s:
- full name;
- address;
- date of birth;
- social security number;
- doctor’s name, address, phone and fax numbers; and
- medical record number.
If you are asking for a conservatorship of the person,
- Describe the person's mental or physical health.
- Say why you feel there is a need for a conservatorship.
If you are asking for a conservatorship of the estate,
- Describe how the person cannot manage his/her finances or is
easily influenced. Give examples of things that have happened and
name other people who know about these problems.
- List the person’s assets in as much detail as you can (bank
accounts, brokerage accounts, stocks, Savings Bonds, cars, boats,
real property, etc). The Court wants to know about how much the assets are
worth and how much income the proposed conservatee gets each
month. You do not have to do this if you are married to the
proposed conservatee and your assets are community property.
Probate Code Section 3051
|
| Step 3 |
File your forms
Make 2 copies of all your forms, including the Proof of Service, and
take them to the Probate Clerk’s Office at:
Probate Clerk’s Office, Room 104, Downtown Superior Court (DTS)
Click for
DTS address, phone and business hours.
Closed
court holidays.
The clerk will ask you to pay a filing fee. (Click for
probate filing fee schedule.)
S/he will stamp your originals and both sets of copies.
The clerk will send one set of the copies to the Court Investigation
Unit. They will investigate your case and make a recommendation to
the Court before your hearing.
The other set of copies is for your records. |
| Step 4 |
Serve your forms
You must “give
notice by mail” to certain people including:
- grandparents,
- parents,
- brothers and sisters,
- children,
- grandchildren, and
- spouse.
This means someone over 18 – not you – must
serve (give) copies of the court forms to those people at least 15
days before the hearing. That way, they will know you are asking to
be the conservator.
You must do this even if you think those people don’t care or may
disagree with you.
Someone over 18—not you—must also “give personal notice” to the
proposed conservatee. You can have a friend or family member do
this, or you can hire a professional process server.
The server must serve copies of these forms:
- Notice of Hearing
- Petition for Appointment of Conservator
If you want to, you can also include a copy of the:
There are rules for giving notice. You must follow them carefully
or you may have to go back to Court.
The person who serves the forms by mail must fill out and sign page
2 of
GC-020, then give it back to you.
This is your Proof of Service. Make copies of both pages of this
form and file it with the clerk with your other papers.
If you have questions about how to serve your forms, talk to a
probate examiner, the probate staff attorney at the court, or
contact the court’s
Self Service Center. |
| Step 5 |
Get a hearing date and a case number
The clerk can give you a date for the conservatorship hearing about
10 weeks after you file your forms. (It takes the Court
Investigation Unit at least 10 weeks to investigate your case.)
To ask for a hearing date, call the clerk at Downtown Superior Court
(408) 882-2100 extension 2649
The clerk will give you a case number at the same time.
If your situation is urgent, fill out the forms to apply for a
temporary conservatorship. (See Step 1). |
| Step 6 |
If you haven’t done so already, file form
GC-340, your proposed Order Appointing Conservator.
File it at least 4 days before your hearing. You can mail it to the
clerk or file it at the Probate Clerk’s Office.
If you haven’t done so already, fill out form
GC-350, Letters of Conservatorship. You can take this form to
the hearing. |
| Step 7 |
Go to the hearing
The time and date of your hearing are listed on
GC-020, #4.
You must get to Court by 12:40 because you have to see a video
before your hearing. Allow plenty of time to go through the security
screening and locate the courtroom where the video will be shown.
There will be signs by the elevators.
After the video, you will be told to go to another courtroom. Go in
and find a seat. Be sure to take the pink slip with you to prove you
saw the video. You will need this pink slip when you go to Court to
get Letters of Conservatorship.
Look at the door outside the courtroom to know when your case will
be called.
Sit in the courtroom and wait for the clerk to call your case. Watch
the other cases so you will know what to do.
When the clerk calls your case, step forward with the proposed
conservatee (if s/he can be there). The judge may ask you some
questions. It will only take a few minutes.
If the judge approves the conservatorship, the clerk will give you a
signed
Order. |
| Step 8 |
After the hearing
Take the signed Order to the Probate Clerk’s Office downstairs. Also
give the clerk:
- the pink slip [showing you saw the video],
- the yellow slip [showing you bought the Handbook for
Conservators and the Supplemental Resource Folder], and
- if you need a
bond, file the bond with the clerk.
The clerk will give you a filed copy of your Letters of
Conservatorship. |
| Step 9 |
Your responsibilities as conservator
If you are conservator of the person, you must take care of the
conservatee’s
- food,
- clothing,
- shelter, and
- well-being.
If you are conservator of the estate, you must:
- manage and protect the conservatee’s assets,
- make a list of all assets,
- collect the conservatee’s income, and
- pay the conservatee’s bills.
You have many other responsibilities, too. To learn more, talk to
a lawyer. Or, read the Handbook for Conservators that you bought
from the clerk.
You can also click here to
download the Santa Clara County Supplement to the Handbook from this website . It has practical information and lists resources in our
county. |
- How can I learn more about conservatorships?
Look for books in the legal section of a bookstore. Or, ask a librarian
for help.
The rules for conservatorships are complicated. And, they are different
for each county.
Talk to a lawyer before you try to establish a conservatorship.For
resources on helping elderly or disabled persons, such as with care in the
home, see the probate resource page.
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